Projekt "Turmalin", Blankenburg/Regenstein.
Located roughly 5 kilometer south-west of the Thekenberge is the
sandstone formation of the Regenstein. Fortified since
In the eastern part of the Regenstein construction work had began on another underground facility. The Regenstein formation had much steeper cliffs than the Thekenberge. Geological assessments showed that the sandstone here was from a much superior quality than at the Thekenberge.? It this superior quality of the sandstone who made the Regenstein much more suitable for the erection of an underground facility. Many natural caves and tunnels forming part of the fortress of Regenstein were located in the western part of the Regenstein.
Allied
reconnaissance soon made out some newly constructed military buildings in area
of the medieval fortress, but they were nor sure what exactly was going on the
ground. The newly constructed buildings housed the headquarters of the
Organization Todt. Design-drawings were soon made up. One of the first was dated
August 14, 1944. This design was not adopted. The final design was drawn up in
October, 1944. It was the design used in the construction work..>
The design
work was undertaken by the construction office of the Organization Todt in
Berlin. Dr. Rolle was the engineer in charge and the geologist of the facility.
Together with the Organization Todt Dr. Rolle was to draw up the design. His
ideas and recommendations were not used by the Organization Todt. The Todt
design incorporated a minimal rock cover of 25 m. After the construction work
had begun? the decision was taken to
change the angle of directions for the tunnels.???
Obersteiger
Gartner and Dr. Rolle the geologist of the project were in charge of the
construction. As tenant company Schaeffer & Bodenberg was to move in. The
company located in the close-by city of Magdeburg produced special measuring
instruments. Just bombed-out the company received the space in the new facility.
The facility received the code-name Odawerk.
The company of
Schaefer & Bodenberg signed sub-contracts with 18 other companies who were
employed in the construction work. All payments were undertaken by the
Industriekontor. With 150 workers on hand the Brandt company begun work on the
first tunnel in June of 1944. Already in August the experienced company
Gross-Deutsche Schachtbau GmbH took over the further construction work. The
company employed German miners who were on loan from the German Army. Besides
the German miners and trades people, Ukrainian, Polish and Italian workers were
employed. Over 60 miners, 260 German and 290 foreign workers were employed to
complete the project.? The Brandt company
was involved in the construction work outside of the facility. A further 15
specialized companies were involved in the project. No concentration camp
inmates were employed here. In contrast to the Malachit project were the
ventilation shafts went straight up, here in the project Turmalin the shafts
went up in an angle. The shafts had a diameter of 90
cm.
The main
difference between the two designs was a change in the lay-out of the production
tunnels. In the adopted design the tunnels were constructed in a 14-degree
angle. Without question the changing of the tunnel angle came as a result of the
geological assessments. The design of October 1944 showed an area of 68,000
square meter, of this space 55,000 square meter could be used for industrial
use. All production tunnels were 8 meters wide. Of the planned 53 tunnels, 29 of
them had a length of 52 meter. The other 23 tunnels had different lengths. These
tunnels were located on the south and north side of the main driving tunnel
which run in a? northwesterly to
southeasterly direction. This tunnel was the main tunnel of the facility. The
side entrances C,? D, and E were located
on the north side of the facility. A separate group of repair shops and a
paint-shop could be reached through side entrance B.? The thickness of the rock cover over the
facility ranged from 21 to 70 m.
At the end of
the war a space of 18,000 square meter or 26% of the facility was finished. The
two long mechanical shops on the southern site of the entrance housed
tool-machinery for the production of small parts. The 7 shorter tunnels located
to the north of the main driving tunnel between entrance A and C housed the
spray-painting shop, tool storage room and a machine shop. A black-smith shop
and a repair shop were housed in the 3 short tunnels located near the entrance
on the northern side of the driving tunnel.
The mining
work was undertaken by the Gross-Deutsche Schachtbau GmbH. The company used the
short tunnel near entrance D as storage area. All other tunnels had no special
floors installed yet and were partly not even finished to full-size. The
smallest of the driving tunnels was 3 m high and 3 m wide. Production and
driving tunnels had vertical sidewalls and rounded ceilings. They were 8 m wide
and 6 m high. All the smaller traverse tunnels were 6 m wide and 4.5 m high. The
workshops on the southern side near entrance A were supported by U-shaped steel
girders lined with concrete blocks. Only partly lined was the close-by
repair-shop. The traverse tunnel were the third repair-shop was located, was
only lined for a short distance. In the rest of the tunnel the sandstone was
shaped in the shape of the used lining. The finishing of the tunnels in such a
way was only undertaken in the projects of the Anhydrite Program. A similar
finish was used at the main driving tunnel. Were the rock formation was bridle
the tunnels were lined and supported.
Except for one
tunnel all tunnels were constructed with normal mining methods. With the help of
jack-hammers a number of blasting holes were drilled into the rock. Dynamite was
placed into the holes and the dynamite set off. Dredgers took the blasted rock
to field-lorries which transported the spoil out.
At first a
tunnel 4 m wide and 3 m high was driven into the rock. Then the tunnel was
finished to size, starting with the ceiling which was extended to its full size
and then the rest of the tunnel was finished. This technique allowed to install
the ceiling supports if needed without creating a problem. The only tunnel
constructed differently was the main driving tunnel. Here a tunnel boring
machine was used. It drilled a hole 3-m in diameter into the rock. This method
could be only used in fairly soft rock. At the end of the war the tunnel boring
machine was found by the Americans. Such a machine was only found here in the
Regenstein. The machine was made up of three sections. The first section was the
chassis. A rotating drum with teeth was mounted in the front. The drum with a
diameter of 3 m took out the rock, dropped it onto a conveyor-belt and
transported the rock to the back. Under the cutting drum two rotating knives
were located. The knives shaped the flat bottom of the tunnel.
The second
section of the machine was made up of an hydraulic arm that advanced the cutting
drum forward. Side arms on that section held the machine in place so that it
could not move back. The third section housed a diesel engine and all controls
of the machine. The conveyor belt transported the rock back running under the
two last sections of the machine to a second conveyor belt which loaded the rock
into field lorries. All three sections were equipped with wheels so that the
machine could be moved forwards or backwards.
A temporary
ventilation system was installed which was to be exchanged for a permanent
system. Transformer stations outside entrances A and E supplied the needed
electricity. No special steps were taken to camouflage the facility. Entrance A
received a support and was lined. Before the Americans reached the facility
entrances B, C and D were blown up. Steam was supplied from a building located
just out-side of entrance A. The workers were housed in a camp close-by.
Without
question the always mentioned design bureau for sub-marines could have been
housed in the restaurant of the fortress of Regenstein. It is very questionable
that the design bureau had anything to do with the Project Termalin. It is known
that the production planning for the Type XXI sub-marine was undertaken at the
Gl?ckauf (IBG) plant in Blankenburg between July and December of
1943.
After the war
the history of the facility is very similar to the history of the Thekenberg
facility. The Americans moved out and shortly after the Russians took over. In
the 80's the complex was re-constructed for use by the NVA. The old Turmalin
complex was the most expensive facility of the different NVA underground
projects.
In contrast to
the NVA depot in the Thekenberge the Regenstein facility could be hermetically
sealed off in a case of a nuclear strike by NATO. All ventilation shafts could
be sealed from the central control room. A well, 70 m deep, could in an
emergency supply the water. If the energy supply from the nearby town of
Blankenburg would be disrupted installed diesel generators would take over. A
loading ramp 600 meters long made a quick loading and un-loading possible. All
of the NVA complex depots stored provisions, equipment and ammunition for the
forward troops of the NVA.
?After the unification the Bundeswehr took over
the complex and the facility it was used to store medical supplies..>






