A short History
After the allied
special teams left Germany in 1945 they took with them 340,000 German patents
and 200,000 patents listed in other countries. It was estimated that Germany
lost 1.500 billion dollars. The Library of Congress writes: "FIAT-BIOS-CIOS
Reports. These documents, issued by U.S., British, and combined industrial
research teams, report on the state of research for the war effort in Germany.
The teams collected patents and paten applications, research reports, and
drawings, and conducted interviews with administrative and
scientific/engineering personnel from the various factories and research
institutions. It was estimated that the value of the information collected
amounted to sixteen billion dollars". After the end of WWI it was the DuPont
company in the US which benefited greatly from patents taken from companies of
the German chemical industry.
Overall, TIIB staff selected from the 3.5 billion pages collected
from the files of German industry about 3.5 million which were considered of
interest to United States industry. The documents chosen were filmed in Germany,
the rest were left there. In addition, TIIB brought more than 300,000 pounds of
German equipment and product samples from Germany, in addition to the 200 tons
of materials captured by the Army and Navy, which was also turned over to
civilian agencies for study and testing after the military had completed its
studies.
I am not sure that there was, in the end, an exact accounting of how
many documents/pages were taken from Germany, or if that was at all possible.
Some documents contained more than 1,000 pages, others, like patent
applications, only one.
Von Karman, goes on to say that "some 3,000,000 documents, weighing
1,500 tons were sifted and microfilmed in Europe; eventually they formed the
basis for the collections of ASTIA, the Armed Services Technical Information
Agency, " now the Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC). The Annual Report
of the Secretary of Commerce for 1946 (5) talks about 3,500,000 pages that TIIB
selected. If one adds the documents brought to the United States and processed
at Wright Field, and those deposited at the Library of Congress, then the number
of pages becomes astronomical.
A report, issued by the Notgemeinschaft fuer Reparationsgeschaedigte
Industrie (Emergency Union of Industries Damaged by Reparations) in February
1951 "estimated the total value of the patents, trademarks, and other
intellectual property ('geistiges Gut') removed from Germany to be somewhere in
the range of 10 to 30 billion Deutschmarks (DM) not Reichsmark, the currency
used in Germany prior to its devaluation of 1949, or between $4.8 and $12
billion".
What was the actual value? If we consider that the Library of
Congress still receives requests for copies of the German materials, more than
50 years after the War, primarily in the areas of dyestuffs, plastics, fuels,
and, more recently, for the location of industries, test ranges for guns and
ammunition, storage depots of chemical, biological, and explosive weapons (for
the purpose of localizing and sanitizing toxic soils) then, maybe, the Commerce
Department was right when it insisted that the value should be based on the
usefulness and actual use by American industry over an extended period of
time?
The looting of German technology was very thoroughly done by all the
allied nations. Germany or German industry was never compensated for these
losses. Amazingly the German government is not even pursuing the issue. Nothing
is heard from any of the main-stream historians in Germany. Many of the
high-tech German projects still waiting to be researched. What happened to the research papers of
SS-Gruppenfuehrer Hans Kammler's think-tank in the Skoda factory or he papers
taken at Ohrdruf dealing wih the Jonastal project.